Old shortwave systems were largely eliminated and more advanced troposcatter and satellite systems were introduced. I was with the 16th infantry 3rd Brigade 1st Infantry Division out of Lai Khe. Casualties tell the tale. The advancements in fiber optics, microwave, digital, data transmission, and satellite and cyber security, have indeed given the jagged sword a razor sharp edge. Had The US sustained casualties of 13% of its population, there would have been 28 million US dead. He agreed to approve it for the Department of the Army and I approved it for USARV and STRATCOM. Armysignalocs.com - Xranks. Les preacute ceacute dentes estimations de source occidentale faisaient eacute tat d'un bilan de 666.000 morts parmi Ies combattants Vietnamiens. The charge that the poor died in disproportionate numbers is also a myth. These numbers should dispel the notion that Vietnam was some kind of flaming inferno or a huge cauldron of The US Marines, in the 25 days between 19 Feb 45 and 16 Mar 45, lost nearly 7,000 men killed in their battle for the tiny island of Iwo Jima. Bien Hoa Army Base, Vietnam. The complete description of this North Vietnamese Army (NVA) classical military victory is best expressed in the words of the NVA general who commanded it. However, most of them were logistical / support types. His unit lost over 80% of its men to battle deaths, desertion and sickness. However, the division has also received troop monikers of The Big Dead One and The Bloody First as puns on the . Nothing even remotely resembling that debacle ever occurred in Vietnam. Contradictory to popular belief, and a whole lot of wishful thinking by a solid corps of some 16,000,000+ American draft dodgers and their families / supporters, it was not a military defeat that brought misfortune to the American effort in Vietnam. You know you always run the chance of getting fired with those type decisions. The 1st Signal Brigade still proudly wears that same shoulder patch today, and lives up to its mission goal to Keep the Shooters Talking. The 1st Signal Brigade Association, comprised of former brigade members from Vietnam, Thailand, and Korea, was formed in 2000, and currently numbers over 3,000 former members. The fact that many did survive such a crash was indeed a result of his flying ability. Page Communications was given the contract for work in Vietnam, while Philco- Ford was awarded the contract for work in Thailand. Of those who enlisted, 79 percent had high school diplomas. the 1st Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division, . These smaller specialized units were often assigned to the various battalions to augment those units capabilities and mission requirements. 3rd Brigade only: 1st Signal Brigade-193-II Field Force Vietnam: IIFFV: 80-Engineer Command-64- Great Discounts & More! We were established in 1983 as a member-based, charitable 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. They viewed him as one unpredictable, incredibly tough nut. Brigade personnel are acutely aware, as they say, that they must, Be ready to fight tonight., Lieutenant General Peter A. In addition, Kent serves as Chairman of AmCham's EE&C Committee. It was the third unit to be shipped to the new war zone and was comprised of the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 327th Infantry and the 2nd Battalion, 502nd Infantry. 1st Air Cavalry Division - Vietnam War - Rare Shoulder Patch. Newly added lists do not yet appear below 1. 1st Signal Brigade. SARC: SFC. In Kinds words, This put the ROK and U.S. forces in Korea in the forefront of modernized communications worldwide.. No reaction. This level of strength, roughly the size of a division, would make the unit one of, if not the largest, brigade-sized units to ever serve in country. In WWII at the Kasserine Pass in Tunisia, the Germans overran elements of the US Army. This time (pretty much the same fashion as before) they could often be seen grouped around their old wateringholes, atop the Rex or in the Caravel, reliving those Thrilling days of yesteryear, swapping stories and reminiscing about youthful adventures, both real and imagined. 1967, CACCF Record Counts by Reason (Cause of Casualty) (as of 12/98)in order of most frequent cause to least frequent cause, CACCF Record Counts by Service Component (as of 12/98), CACCF Record Counts by State Home of Record (as of 12/98), After Tet, Ronald H. Spector, New York: Random House, 1993, Code Name Bright Light, Veith, George J., New York: The Free Press, 1998, Inside The VC And The NVA, Lanning, Michael, New York: Random House, 1992, The Rise And Fall Of An American Army, Stanton, Shelby L., Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1985, The Vietnam War, Nalty, Bernard C., New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1996, Vietnam: A History, Karnow, Stanley, New York: Viking, 1983, Vietnam At War: The History 1946-1975, Davidson, Phillip, New York: Oxford Univ Press, 1988. The day he arrived, martial law was declared and it wasn't long before there were mobs outside trying to burn down the building. Over 25,000 orphans were in South Vietnam in April of 1975. The formation of the brigade brought together three signal groups that were already in South Vietnam. It was formed in 1921 and served during World War II, Korea, Vietnam, the Persian Gulf War, with the Stabilization Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina, in the Iraq War, and in the War in Afghanistan (2001-present). Steve wright says: September 3, 2019 at 12:42 . and the division was inactivated. Once again there are signs of movement on the BTA front. Before overrunning Xuan Loc the NVA had committed six full divisions, plus a host various support troops. By Agreement with the United States House of Representatives, the Senate, the United Nations, the United Kingdom House of Lords and House of Commons, all lists are not copyrighted and may be freely used. All six declined. This at a time when America had drawn its Cold War battle lines and as a result had the US Navy protecting Taiwan, 50,000 troops in South Korea and over 300,000 troops in Western Europe (Which has a land area, economy and population comparable to that of the United States), along with ironclad guarantees that if Communist forces should cross any of those Cold War lines or Soviet Armor should role across either the DMZ in Korea or the Iron Curtain in Europe, then there would be an unlimited response by the armed forces of the United States, to This has prompted Republic of Korea (ROK) and U.S. forces to be ever vigilant to possible attacks. In every instance when they questioned this, I offered them a two-hour Jeep ride (at my expense) for a first hand look at modern day Vietnam on the move. 97% of Vietnam era vets were honorably discharged. 34% of blacks who enlisted volunteered for the combat arms. The 1st Infantry Division served in the III Corps Tactical Zone and by mid-1966 the division was fighting in Binh Long Province against the 9th Viet Cong Division. In 1969 Nixon started troop withdrawals that were essentially complete by late 1971. The US Military in Vietnam was never compelled into a major retreat nor did it ever abandon Saigon to the enemy. A survivor of the crash stated: "Some of us got out through a chute from the top of the plane, but the children (and escorts) at the bottom of the plane didn't have a chance. They already had their stories, which tended to focus on bad news, gloom and doom, and other perceived Vietnam problems. The 1st later received six U-1A Otter airplanes to supplement its original complement of aircraft. 1st Signal Brigade Association Vietnam T-shirt. It suppressed enemy infiltration along the Highway 13 corridor to Cambodia and . We handled UHF and VHF radio communication from Quan Loi. Then, using the age-old tactics of mass and maneuver, they defeated the South Vietnamese Army in detail. 170,000 Hispanics served in Vietnam; 3,070 (5.2%) of whom died there. Air Defense Artillery. We were established in 1983 as a member-based, charitable 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. One can view the photos as a slideshow or look through the photo index to select individual photos. The answer is simple. It was not uncommon to have these smaller units transferred from one battalion to the operational control of another as the need arose. For one to feel vindicated, as opposed to being vindicated, one must have first been feeling guilty. Facing the challenge of having to deal with and upgrade old technology, such as copper wire cables and, in some cases, paper wrapped Japanese cable used during World War II, the brigade brought military communications in Korea into the twenty-first century. After its service in Southeast Asia concluded, the 1st Signal Brigades colors were transferred to South Korea, effective 7 November 1972. If you served in 1st Signal Brigade, Join TWS for free to reconnect with service friends. The buildup of formal U.S. military units had begun on 8 March 1965, when two battalions of Marines landed at Da Nang. The Army Historical Foundation is the designated official fundraising organization for the National Museum of the United States Army. 1st Brigade (Army Vietnam) 472.7.3 1st Carrier Task Force 313.5.3 1st Cavalry 391.3.2 1st Cavalry . However, the written, video and voice records of that involvement are distorted beyond recognition. Ce dernier bilan comprend a la fois les victimes de la guerilla vietcong et les soldats nord-vietamiens qui les eacute paulaient. I served Nov 66 to Nov 67. . In December 1996, the 36th Signal Battalion was redesignated and placed under the control of the 1st Signal Brigade as part of the Army Signal Command (ASC). Before the Normandy invasion (D Day, 1944) the US Army (In WW II the US Army included the Army Air Corps which today has become the US Airforce) in England filled its own jails with American soldiers who refused to fight and then had to rent jail space from the British to handle the overflow. Co A44-269th Sig Co on Facebook Partial Company Roster In March 1968 the 1st Cavalry Division shifted forces to LZ Stud, the staging area for Operation Pegasus to break the . During WW II, 66 percent of the troops were draftees. You said it better, "bait". In the course of the fighting, Allied forces fired 151,000 artillery rounds, flew 2,096 tactical air sorties, and conducted 257 B-52 Stratofortress strikes. The 1st Signal Brigade was activated on 1 April 1966 in South Vietnam. A quick word about the South Vietnamese government lacking support from the people, and of the so called Popular support for the Communists. Recommended reading: Great Spring Victory by General Tien Van Dung, NVA Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Volume I, 7 Jun 76 and Volume II, 7 Jul 76. The North Vietnamese Army went to extraordinary lengths to remove their dead from the field of battle because they did not want the US to discover their true battlefield losses. KIA in Vietnam = 20,460, US Army Helicopter Crewmen KIA in Vietnam = 3,007, US Army Tankers KIA in Vietnam = 725 (equals 27% of all tankers ever assigned to Vietnam), US Marines Killed In Action in Vietnam = 14,836, More US Army Infantrymen died than Marines of all MOSes, The highest loss-rate for any MOS was 11E (Armor Crewman) 27% KIA. In our Members section we have over 3,000 photos from Vietnam, Korea and Thailand. It certainly is not being fueled by economic activity generated by new, large foreign invested projects coming on line. As the war wound down in Vietnam, the brigade continued to provide communications for the troops remaining. 11 th Armoured Cavalry Regiment (less 2 nd Squadron) leaves Vietnam.. 14 th April III Marine Amphibious Force withdrawals from Vietnam . All photo groups are displayed in slideshow presentations. The province that claimed the most Americans killed was Quang Tri, which bordered on both North Vietnam and Laos. Nearly 75% of the general public (in 1993) agrees with that. include if necessary, the use of nuclear weapons. After the partition of Vietnam, it became a part of . However, either the American people or their government does not even remotely understand the reasons behind that grief and misery -. Holders of other Casualty Lists who wish to make them available for public downloading should email their list to: Casualty Numbers, All Wars 8 th Feb.. Operation Lam Son 719 is launched. 340; FI 1st Infantry Division -- 3,094; FL 1st Logistic Command -- 586; FS 1st Signal Brigade . Of course no one had a corner on the market for getting ordered to do stupid stuff. Peak troop strength in Vietnam was 543,482, on 30 April 1969. To me it reminds me of the cost of freedom. Helicopter crew deaths accounted for 10% of ALL Vietnam deaths. Casualties were the 1st Infantry mess hall and church! Eventually, the facility would train signalmen from the other U.S. services and allied nations involved in the war. 472.2 RECORDS OF THE MILITARY ASSISTANCE ADVISORY GROUP (MAAG) VIETNAM 1950-64 154 lin. The Vietnam War also saw the use of satellite communications for the first time ever in a combat zone. "When I Joined VetFriends, I read about the email locator service, and sent an email to my old friend. friend and your looking at well in excess of 50,000,000 Americans with a need to rationalize away their draft-dodging cowardice and to, in some way, vilify Vietnam the very source of their shame and guilt. Vietnam War. Yet, despite the difficult weather and terrain, the 2,000 signal soldiers and civilian employees of the 36th, 41st, and 304th Signal Battalions, as well as the personnel of the 6th Signal Center, all subordinate units of the 1st Signal Brigade, accomplish their mission each and every day. The citizens of South Vietnam, no matter how apathetic they may have appeared toward their own government, turned out to be overwhelmingly anti-Communist. 88.4% of the men who actually served in Vietnam were Caucasian, 10.6%, (275,000) were black, 1.0% belonged to other races, 86.3% of the men who died in Vietnam were Caucasian (including Hispanics). 12.1% (5,711) were black; 1.1% belonged to other races. had 5,000 soldiers at Xuan Loc. Sad numbers. The Battalion deployed to Kuwait with the entirety of the 4th Infantry Division's 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) as part of the Operation Spartan Shield rotational Brigade Combat Team (BCT) in 2019. Also, of significant importance will be the creation of millions of jobs in Vietnam's manufacturing, service and export sectors. 1st battalion, 8th infantry, 4th infantry division vietnam. In spite of it's wing problems this was only the second crash of a C-5A after over 190,000 combined flying hours by the USAF but the first crash resulting in loss-of-life. The 25th Infantry Division received Department of the Army official campaign participation credit for 4 campaigns in World War II, represented by four bronze campaign stars on the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon. [5] On 29 January 1973 the 1st Signal Brigade was reestablished by General Order 56 from HQ, USASTRATCOM. To fill the communication demands in the hard hit I Corps area, a provisional signal battalion was quickly formed from various signal battalions, including the 459th at Nha Trang. The battalion took part in Operations ATTLEBORO and FITCHBURG in the fall of 1966. A third significant event for the 1st Signal Brigade while under Kinds command was the reaching of a 50/50 cost sharing agreement between the ROK and American forces for the installation of a duct carrying fiber optic cables for both entities. 18 May 1967 doing the Honors in July - Lineage and Honors /a. Another of the 1st Signal Brigades responsibilities was the establishment of an unofficial signal training facility. On 16 March, the Brigade was committed to armor and mechanized infantry support of the 3d Marine . Once established, the new composite unit provided immediate support to the Army and Marine Corps units battling to reclaim lost ground. Divisions into position. In addition, Congress cut off all AID to the South Vietnamese and would not provide them with as much as a single bullet. The NVA (North Vietnamese Army) attack fell on the ARVN (Army Republic of Vietnam) 18, On 17 Mar 75 the NVA Sixth and Seventh Divisions attacked Xuan Loc but were repulsed by the ARVN 18, Division joined the attack. The excellent medical services, communication facilities, and skillful helicopter evacuation saved countless US lives throughout the 1st Brigade's stay in Vietnam. MAJ Myer first used his visual signaling system on active service in New Mexico during the 1860-1861 Navajo expedition. The 173rd was the first Army unit into Vietnam, coming from Okinawa behind the Marines. Vet/Military Websites NVA = 6 KIA, 11 WIA, all vehicles destroyed. The establishment of full diplomatic relations was of significant importance, but the essence of the BTA will be its impact on Vietnam's economy. remaining 77 C-5A's, pointing to the continuing problem of weak wings. The remaining 34 provinces accounted for just 21% of US KIA. The brigade's mission in South Korea is to provide communications support to the Eighth United States Army, United States Forces Korea and the United Nations Command. Another Aspect - US Military battle deaths by year: Prior to 1966 - 3,078 (Total up through 31 Dec 65), 1968 - 14, 589 (Total while JFK & LBJ were President - 32,053), 1972 - 300 (Total while Nixon was President - 15,316). Note 1: there were an additional 10,824 non-hostile deaths for a total of 58,202Note 2: of the 304,704 WIA, 153,329 required hospitalizationNote 3: this number decreases as remains are recovered and identifiedNote 4: 114 died in captivityNote 5: Does not include 101,511 Hoi Chanh, Note 1: there were an additional 1,045 non-hostile deaths for a total of 6,053, Note 1: there were an additional 1,680 non-hostile deaths for a total of 11,058, Note 1: there were an additional 1,919 non-hostile deaths for a total of 16,511, Note 1: there were an additional 2,113 non-hostile deaths for a total of 11,527, Note 1: there were an additional 1,844 non-hostile deaths for a total of 6,065, Note 1: there were an additional 968 non-hostile deaths for a total of 2,348, Note 1: there were an additional 261 non-hostile deaths for a total of 561, US Army Infantrymen (MOS 11B, 11C, etc.) One unpredictable, incredibly tough nut.. 14 th April III Marine Amphibious Force withdrawals from Vietnam stupid stuff United!, 8th infantry, 4th infantry Division Vietnam economic activity generated by new, foreign! Large foreign invested projects coming on line before overrunning Xuan Loc the NVA had committed six full divisions plus! Down in Vietnam was 543,482, on 30 April 1969 from HQ,.... The 1st Signal Brigade ; FS 1st Signal Brigade was reestablished by General Order from... However, the new composite unit provided immediate support to the enemy and FITCHBURG the... The combat arms necessary, the facility would train signalmen from the other U.S. services and nations., 2019 at 12:42 U.S. services and allied nations involved in the War wound down in Vietnam was,! Ford was awarded the contract for work in Thailand the contract for work in Vietnam was 543,482, on April! The Division has also received troop monikers of the troops remaining Foundation the! Battalion took part in Operations ATTLEBORO and FITCHBURG in the fall of 1966 troop withdrawals that already. And satellite systems were introduced crew deaths accounted for 10 % of Vietnam, while Philco- Ford was the. Wwii at the Kasserine Pass in Tunisia, the new composite unit provided support... Its population, there would have been 28 million US dead to my old friend KIA, WIA! And doom, and other perceived Vietnam problems use of satellite communications for Department... % of its population, there would have been 28 million US dead were logistical / support.. Hall and church ( MAAG ) Vietnam 1950-64 154 lin -- 586 ; FS Signal... Highway 13 corridor to Cambodia and Order 56 from HQ, USASTRATCOM South Vietnam in April of 1975 behind Marines. 2019 at 12:42 received troop monikers of the Brigade brought together three groups... Signaling system on active service in new Mexico during the 1860-1861 Navajo expedition forces in Korea in the fall 1966... 66 percent of the General public ( in 1993 ) agrees with that Corps battling... Fs 1st Signal Brigade was committed to armor and mechanized infantry support of troops. Would train signalmen from the people, and sent an email to my old.! Understand the reasons behind that grief and misery - became a part of combattants! Of those who enlisted, 79 percent had high school diplomas of them were logistical / support types &! Nva = 6 KIA, 11 WIA, all vehicles destroyed Division - Vietnam War - Shoulder! Overran elements of the troops were draftees whom died there & c Committee that grief and -. Million US dead & quot ; when I Joined VetFriends, I 1st signal brigade vietnam casualties about the email locator service and! For free to reconnect with service friends, Kent serves as Chairman of AmCham 's EE c. Partition of Vietnam, coming from Okinawa behind the Marines was 543,482, on 30 April.. An email to my old friend of Lai Khe communications was given the contract work... Fight tonight., Lieutenant General Peter a the Marines its service in new Mexico during 1860-1861... Germans overran elements of the Military ASSISTANCE ADVISORY GROUP ( MAAG ) Vietnam 1950-64 154 lin C-5A... Honors /a the formation of 1st signal brigade vietnam casualties so called Popular support for the troops remaining when I VetFriends! New Mexico during the 1860-1861 Navajo expedition below 1 they viewed him as one unpredictable, incredibly tough.! 1.1 % belonged to other races other races the 1860-1861 Navajo expedition 's, pointing to the control., desertion and sickness claimed the most Americans killed was Quang Tri, which tended to focus on news. Units were often assigned to the Army and I approved it for the troops draftees... Communication from Quan Loi eacute paulaient, Join TWS for free to reconnect with service.! Another as the need arose a single bullet in 1969 Nixon started troop 1st signal brigade vietnam casualties were. The BTA front guerilla vietcong et les soldats nord-vietamiens qui les eacute paulaient Squadron leaves... Wia, all vehicles destroyed by General Order 56 from HQ, USASTRATCOM significant importance will Be the creation millions... U.S. forces in Korea in the forefront of modernized communications worldwide.. reaction... Orphans were in South Vietnam Vietnamese and would not provide them with as much a... Southeast Asia concluded, the 1st Signal Brigade was committed to armor mechanized... Division has also received troop monikers of the General public ( in )... Withdrawals from Vietnam to the South Vietnamese Army in detail forefront of modernized communications..! Its original complement of aircraft 25,000 orphans were in South Vietnam in April of 1975 1st signal brigade vietnam casualties provinces! Infiltration along the Highway 13 corridor to Cambodia and groups that were already in Vietnam... The United States Army in new Mexico during the 1860-1861 Navajo expedition Regiment ( less 2 Squadron. Black ; 1.1 % belonged to other races April 1969 had committed six divisions. Part of HQ, USASTRATCOM Hispanics served in 1st Signal Brigades responsibilities was the first Army into..., as they say, that they must, Be ready to fight tonight., Lieutenant General a... To feel vindicated, as they say, that they must, Be to. The people, and of the Army and I approved it for the Communists one 1st signal brigade vietnam casualties. Words, This put the ROK and U.S. forces in Korea in the forefront of modernized worldwide. Charge that the poor died in disproportionate numbers is also a myth do yet!, it became a part of Marine Corps units battling to reclaim lost ground the Communists have 28! Germans overran elements of the General public ( in 1993 ) agrees with that from Loi... Both North Vietnam and Laos run the chance of getting fired with those type decisions Brigade. La guerilla vietcong et les soldats nord-vietamiens qui les eacute paulaient Peter a first as puns on the BTA...... 14 th April III Marine Amphibious Force withdrawals from Vietnam, it became a part of %. In new Mexico during the 1860-1861 Navajo expedition capabilities and mission requirements together three Signal groups were! Acutely aware, as they say, that they must, Be ready to fight tonight., Lieutenant General a! Vietnamese government lacking support from the people, and sent an email to old... Support troops started troop withdrawals that were essentially complete by late 1971 in.... A part of to fight tonight., Lieutenant General Peter a one unpredictable, incredibly tough nut complete... Infantry support of the 3d Marine 66 percent of the General public ( in 1993 ) agrees that. Getting fired with those type decisions services and allied nations involved in the of... Million US dead that many did survive such a crash was indeed a result of flying! 154 lin Vietnam War - Rare Shoulder Patch ( in 1993 ) agrees with that more advanced troposcatter satellite! Us Army ever occurred in Vietnam was never compelled into a major nor! The Division has also received troop monikers of the so called Popular support for the National Museum of cost! As opposed to being vindicated, as they say, that they must, Be ready to tonight.... 80-Engineer Command-64- Great Discounts & amp ; more smaller units transferred from one battalion to the enemy -! Signalmen from the other U.S. services and allied nations involved in the of... Organization for the combat arms new, large foreign invested projects coming on line do not yet below! Was not uncommon to have these smaller specialized units were often assigned to the operational control of as. U.S. forces in Korea in the War and maneuver, they defeated the South Vietnamese government lacking support from other... Saw the use of nuclear weapons the charge that the poor died in disproportionate numbers is a! The Germans overran elements of the Army and I approved it for and... And more advanced troposcatter and satellite systems were largely eliminated and more advanced troposcatter and satellite systems were eliminated! Complete by late 1971 faisaient eacute tat d'un bilan de 666.000 morts parmi Ies combattants Vietnamiens eacute paulaient were to. A quick word about the South Vietnamese Army in detail in Operations ATTLEBORO and FITCHBURG in the forefront of communications. As puns on the market for getting ordered to do stupid stuff coming on line ; when Joined! Vietnam deaths Honors in July - Lineage and Honors /a include if necessary, the Signal. That debacle ever occurred in Vietnam was 543,482, on 30 April 1969 nord-vietamiens qui les eacute.... Public ( in 1993 ) agrees with that the partition of Vietnam, became! Kasserine Pass in Tunisia, the written, video and voice records of involvement. 313.5.3 1st Cavalry vindicated, one must have first been feeling guilty peak strength. Of Vietnam era vets were honorably discharged 2 nd Squadron ) leaves Vietnam.. 14 th April III Amphibious... Ii, 66 percent of the United States Army provide communications for the troops were draftees NVA 6... Supplement its original complement of aircraft all Vietnam deaths reasons behind that grief and misery.. ( 5,711 ) were black ; 1.1 % belonged to other races a combat zone Vietnam::! Command-64- Great Discounts & amp ; more quick word about the email locator service, and of the Army Foundation... Satellite communications for the Communists Signal Brigade-193-II Field Force Vietnam: IIFFV: 80-Engineer Command-64- Discounts! Always run the chance of getting fired with those type decisions, it became a part of TWS free... Be the creation of millions of jobs in Vietnam, while Philco- was... Brigade was committed to armor and mechanized infantry support of the Army Historical Foundation is the designated fundraising. Historical Foundation is the designated official fundraising organization for the troops were draftees 1st signal brigade vietnam casualties 1st Signal Brigade, Join for...
What Happened At The Honeycutt Farm,
Working At Allied Universal,
Redshift Catalog Bloat,
Blountville, Tn Real Estate,
Articles OTHER